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An approach for electrical machines design by using a software which links the sizing procedure to the magnetic field computation is presented in this paper. After reviewing the principles of an electrical machine general design, the process of the development and the use of a special link between the dimensions data and the magnetic field computation is described. The whole solution procedure is conducted automatically. Any change on the machine dimensions can be made and the sequence of the CAD tasks can be prepared and run automatically without any user intervention. The whole procedure is applied to a comparative study of different structures of permanent magnets synchronous motors.

The paper highlights the process of electric vehicles optimal design as an inverse problem and presents the global constrained optimization as the best way to solve it.

The electric vehicle optimal design is carried out by a new approach. It consists an electric vehicle design model managed by constrained optimization techniques. It includes sizing models for all drive train components and a vehicle dynamic model build in a new “design way” as an energy‐based model using the response surface methodology. The sensitivity of first simple sizing models can be evaluated by the experimental design method, giving information about the most important part of the model that must be improved.

The result shows the superiority of the constrained optimization technique that treats simultaneously the global optimization and the model adjustment. This method of simultaneous resolution is much more powerful than the successive resolution of each subproblem. The proposed “design approach” used for electric vehicle optimal design offer a large potential in the field of the complex systems design.

The electric vehicle design process is treated on a vehicle design model based on a design approach. It allows determining the drive train components specifications for imposed vehicle performances, taking into account the dynamic model of the vehicle and all components interactions. Furthermore, considering fine components sizing models, the components can be sized taking into account the whole system behavior in an optimal global design.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall insight into the factors which undermine safe internet access for students. Safer internet access for students is an issue raised during recent years as the web becomes increasingly more accessible to children. However, recent research studies and initiatives demonstrated a number of potential online risks for students. To be able to protect children from potentially hazardous content it is first necessary to have a good understanding of the existing online threats.

Initially, prior works on online safety problems for children are reviewed and a list of online risks is assembled based on the previous studies and on information gathered from web sites dedicated to safer internet access. Then, based on this listing, an access log of unsupervised internet access of high school students is analyzed to understand which of these risks can be identified.

The review of previous works on the topic of safer internet access produces a list of diverse problems for unsupervised internet access for children. The results of the log files evaluation show that several of the identified online risks existed in the students' visited sites and that the students are able to bypass the applied restrictions to visit their preferred sites.

The list of online risks can be used by researchers, teachers, parents, educational technologists, web designers, school administrators and libraries to obtain a clearer view of the internet safety issues. Further, this list could be used for directing future research projects on the social consequences of internet usage for children.

The purpose of this paper is to develop and systemize the 3D finite element (FE) description of electromagnetic field in electrical machines.

3D FE models of electrical machines are considered. The model consists of FE equations for the magnetic field, equations describing eddy currents and equations, which describe the currents in the machine windings. The FE equations are further coupled by the electromagnetic torque to the differential equation of motion. In the presented field‐circuit model, the flux linkages with the windings are expressed by two components. Attention is paid to the description of machine winding. Both scalar and vector potential formulations are analysed. The FE equations are derived by using the notation of circuit theory. The methods of movement simulation and torque calculation in FE models are discussed.

Proposed circuit description of electromagnetic field in electrical machines conforms to the applied method of electric and magnetic circuit analysis. The advantage of the presented description is that the equations of field model can be easy associated with the other equations of the electric drive system.

The applied analogies between the FE formulation and the equivalent magnetic and electric network models help formulate efficient field models of electrical machines. The developed models after coupling to the models of supply and control system can be successfully used in the analysis and design electric drives.

This paper aims to give a perspective about the variety of techniques which are available and are being further developed in the area of coupled field formulations, with selective bibliography and practical examples, to help postgraduate students, researchers and designers working in design or analysis of electrical machinery.

This paper reviews the recent trends in coupled field formulations. The use of these formulations for designing and non‐destructive testing of electrical machinery is described, followed by their classifications, solutions and applications. Their advantages and shortcomings are discussed.

The paper gives an overview of research, development and applications of coupled field formulations for electrical machinery based on more than 160 references. All landmark papers are classified. Practical engineering case studies are given which illustrate wide applicability of coupled field formulations.

Problems which continue to pose challenges to researchers are enumerated and the advantages of using the coupled‐field formulation are pointed out.

This paper gives a detailed description of the application of the coupled field formulation method to the analysis of problems that are present in different electrical machines. Examples of analysis of generators and transformers with this formulation are presented. The application examples give guidelines for its use in other analyses.

The coupled‐field formulation is used in the analysis of rotational machines and transformers where reference data are available and comparisons with other methods are performed and the advantages are justified. This paper serves as a guide for the ongoing research on coupled problems in electrical machinery.

This paper aims to introduce the cognitive function synthesis (CFS) conceptual framework to artificial general intelligence. CFS posits that at the “core” of intelligence in hybrid architectures, “interdependent” cognitive functions are synthesised through the interaction of various associative memory (AM)-based systems. This synthesis could form an interface layer between deliberative/symbolic and reactive/sub-symbolic layers in hybrid cognitive architectures.

A CFS conceptual framework, specifying an arrangement of AMs, was presented. The framework was executed using sparse distributed memory. Experiments were performed to investigate CFS autonomous extraction, consciousness and imagination.

Autonomous extraction was achieved using data from a Wi-Fi camera with the CFS auto-associative AM handling “Sensor Data”. However, noise reduction degraded the extracted image. An environment, simulated in V-REP 3.3.1, was used to investigate consciousness and imagination. CFS displayed consciousness by successfully tracking/anticipating the object position with over 90 per cent congruence. CFS imagination was seen by its predicting two time steps into the future.

Preliminary results demonstrate the plausibility of CFS claims for autonomous extraction, consciousness and imagination.

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize coherent theory that identifies and links the cognitive and structural elements in both the psychosocial and organizational dimensions of resilience.

The approach takes the form of the author's review of and reflections on the dynamics of resilience in living systems in general, and in humans in particular, drawing on seminal scholarly publications across trans‐disciplinary fields of scientific research.

Human resilience is recounted and documented in narrative form across spatial and temporal gradients: retrospectively – in historical perspective; introspectively – in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events and/or experiences; and prospectively – in anticipation of crisis. Measurements or assessments of human resilience vary according to the research questions being addressed. The variables may relate to resilience as an outcome or a process. Resilience is also assessed as an emergent attribute of individuals and communities who may have undergone post‐traumatic growth, and/or transformation associated with self‐organized and self‐governing systems. Complex systems where key functions and core identity and integrity are sustained may be examined under an integrated explanatory theoretical model that allows for systems' resilience to be measured as an Outcome; monitored as a Process; identified as an Emergent property; and Narrated – hence, OPEN theory.

Decision makers faced with contemporary questions of how best to embark on the fast‐moving sort of “runaway train” concept of resilience may find OPEN useful as a tool for identifying, understanding and promoting human resilience – a basis for sustainable futures.

This conceptual paper offers original insights with a pragmatic analytical tool that coherently links the cognitive and structural elements of human resilience.

Today, pedagogy does not innovate by proposing new methods but by creating learning conditions conducive to the autonomy of learners. During training, students learn to set goals for acquiring knowledge, control their activity and persevere in the face of difficulties. Innovative teachers favour an integrative approach to human activity to jointly develop the relationship with the learning environment or work environment, the socio-cognitive characteristics of learners and their sense of responsibility for the consequences of action and metacognitive management of the activity.

Learners thus evolve in a learning ecosystem that includes the learner himself and his physical and social environment: his tools available (notepad, tablet, etc.), his resources (procedures, methods, instructions, course materials, notes, documentation, etc.) and his partners who also have some knowledge (pair, teachers, expert network, colleagues, etc.). This ecosystem can be seen as a virtual learning space in which technologies that contribute to learning (hardware, software and network) are used with the aim of fostering interactions between stakeholder and content communities. The knowledge is distributed and accessible through the memory of the learner himself or through his tools, resources or partners. It is therefore in the elaboration of the learning mechanism mobilising all the actors to meet the needs of the learners that the innovation can be efficient and effective.

Within this frame of reference, we propose some reflections from pedagogical practice that can develop the learners’ power to act – Which IT environments are needed for specified actions? What pedagogies need to be implemented using these IT environments? What collaborative and reflective tools are needed for professional and university training? Which methods energise learners’ agentivity in the digital age? Three case studies focussing on these questions will offer some recommendations for innovation in pedagogy.

Breast milk is considered as the most ideal food for infants during infancy owing to its diverse nutritional and therapeutic attributes. In the absence of breast milk, infants may be offered with cow's, buffalo's or goat's milk after modification to bring their composition nearer to human milk. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Risks associated with prolonged and exclusive breast feeding or unmodified cow's, buffalo's or goat's milk have been highlighted. In the absence of human milk, the suitability of modified cow's, buffalo's or goat's milk as a supplementary food for infants is also justified.

Breast milk is the most preferred food for infants owing to its numerous intrinsic therapeutic and nutritional attributes. Human milk is virtually impossible to mimic completely, and therefore, goat's milk is often preferred over cow's milk or buffalo's milk due to its better digestibility, higher biological value and less allergenic. An appropriate blending of protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and vitamins to cow's, buffalo's or goat's milk to result in modified milk, nutritionally adequate for infants is suggested.

Nutritional and therapeutic attributes of cow's, buffalo's or goat's milk must be suitably modified to meet the physiological needs as well as to confer protection to the infants.